Проблема красоты в романах Ф. М. Достоевского «Идиот» и «Бесы» (софиологический аспект)
Аннотация
Аннотация. В диссертационном исследовании рассматривается проблема красоты – центральной категории философско-эстетической концепции Ф. М. Достоевского. Исследуется ее выражение в поэтике романов писателя через систему образов и «софийный сюжет», в котором красота воплощается в образе Софии, принимающей разные облики в мировой мифорелигиозной и философско-художественной традиции. Звеньями этой традиции выступают ветхозаветные сочинения, гностические апокрифы, произведения романтизма, а затем – собственно творчество Достоевского, от которого во многом отталкивались творцы софиологии начала ХХ в. Материалом исследования послужили женские образы романов Достоевского «Идиот» и «Бесы», а также повести «Хозяйка», принадлежащей к раннему периоду творчества писателя. Это Настасья Филипповна из романа «Идиот», Марья Тимофеевна Лебядкина из «Бесов» и Катерина из повести «Хозяйка». Подробно рассмотрено воплощение в поэтике автора типологически родственного данному сюжету ментального мифа о спасении Вечной Женственности, впервые описанного философом и поэтом Серебряного века В. И. Ивановым. По итогам работы было выявлено, что «софийный сюжет» в метатексте произведений Ф.М. Достоевского иллюстрирует демонизацию философско-эстетического идеала красоты, обусловленную культурным контекстом эпохи конца XIX века.
Ключевые слова: Вечная Женственность, гностицизм, красота, ментальный миф, софиология, София.
Annotation. In the dissertation research, the problem of beauty is considered - the central category of the philosophical and aesthetic concept of F. M. Dostoevsky. Her expression is studied in the poetics of the novels of the writer through the system of images and the “plot of Sophia”, in which beauty is embodied in the image of Sofia, which takes on different forms in the world mioreligious, philosophical and artistic tradition. The links of this tradition are the Old Testament writings, Gnostic apocrypha, works of romanticism, and then - the work of Dostoevsky itself, from which the creators of sophiology of the early twentieth century pushed off in many ways. The material of the study was the female images of Dostoevsky’s novels “Idiot” and “Demons”, as well as the novel “The Landlady”, which belongs to the early period of the writer's work. This is Nastasya Filippovna from the novel “The Idiot”, Marya Timofeevna Lebyadkina from “Demons” and Katerina from the novel “The Landlady”. The author describes in detail the incarnation in poetics of a typological myth related to the salvation of the Eternal Feminine, first described by the philosopher and poet of the Silver Age V.I. Ivanov. According to the results of the research work, it was revealed that the "plot of Sophia" in the metatext of the works of F.M. Dostoevsky illustrates the demonization of the philosophical and aesthetic ideal of beauty, due to the cultural context of the era of the late XIX century.
Keywords: Eternal Femininity, Gnosticism, beauty, mental myth, sophiology, Sofia.
Ключевые слова: Вечная Женственность, гностицизм, красота, ментальный миф, софиология, София.
Annotation. In the dissertation research, the problem of beauty is considered - the central category of the philosophical and aesthetic concept of F. M. Dostoevsky. Her expression is studied in the poetics of the novels of the writer through the system of images and the “plot of Sophia”, in which beauty is embodied in the image of Sofia, which takes on different forms in the world mioreligious, philosophical and artistic tradition. The links of this tradition are the Old Testament writings, Gnostic apocrypha, works of romanticism, and then - the work of Dostoevsky itself, from which the creators of sophiology of the early twentieth century pushed off in many ways. The material of the study was the female images of Dostoevsky’s novels “Idiot” and “Demons”, as well as the novel “The Landlady”, which belongs to the early period of the writer's work. This is Nastasya Filippovna from the novel “The Idiot”, Marya Timofeevna Lebyadkina from “Demons” and Katerina from the novel “The Landlady”. The author describes in detail the incarnation in poetics of a typological myth related to the salvation of the Eternal Feminine, first described by the philosopher and poet of the Silver Age V.I. Ivanov. According to the results of the research work, it was revealed that the "plot of Sophia" in the metatext of the works of F.M. Dostoevsky illustrates the demonization of the philosophical and aesthetic ideal of beauty, due to the cultural context of the era of the late XIX century.
Keywords: Eternal Femininity, Gnosticism, beauty, mental myth, sophiology, Sofia.