Реализация и защита культурных прав: опыт стран ЕС
Аннотация
В данном исследовании проанализирован опыт реализации культурных прав в европейской системе прав человека. На основании широкого круга источников и литературы были изучены теоретические основы культурной дипломатии и концепции «мягкой» силы в странах Евросоюза, а также их цели и особенности реализации защиты культурных прав, вследствие чего сделаны выводы о качестве интеграции и совместной работе по имплементации вопроса защиты культурных прав в другие сферы политики ЕС. Проанализированы существующие программы и проекты ЕС по реализации культурных прав, среди которых особое внимание уделяется праву на доступ к культурному наследию, а также дела ЕСПЧ по вопросам нарушений культурных прав, что позволило сделать вывод о расширении трансграничного сотрудничества и пересмотре политики в связи с выявленными проблемами. В заключении подведен итог о том, что страны ЕС заинтересованы в дальнейшей работе по реализации культурных прав, а также в решении вопроса защиты культурного наследия и проблемы незаконного вывоза и хранения культурных ценностей, несмотря на меняющиеся международные условия.
Ключевые слова: культурные права, Европейский союз, культурное наследие, ЕСПЧ
The study analyses the experience of implementing cultural rights in the European system of human rights. Based on a wide range of sources and literature, the theoretical foundations of cultural diplomacy and the concept of soft power in EU countries have been examined, as well as their objectives and particularities of the implementation of cultural rights protection, leading to conclusions about the quality of integration and joint work on the implementation of cultural rights protection in other areas of EU policy. The paper illuminates EU programmes and projects on the implementation of cultural rights, among which the right of access to cultural heritage has received particular attention, as well as the ECHR cases of cultural rights violations, which led to the conclusion about the cross-border cooperation expansion and the policy revision in relation to the identified problems. In conclusion, it was concluded that the EU countries are interested in further work on the cultural rights implementation as well as in addressing the issue of cultural heritage protection and the illicit export and possession of cultural property, despite the changing international environment.
Key words: cultural rights, European Union, cultural heritage, ECHR
Ключевые слова: культурные права, Европейский союз, культурное наследие, ЕСПЧ
The study analyses the experience of implementing cultural rights in the European system of human rights. Based on a wide range of sources and literature, the theoretical foundations of cultural diplomacy and the concept of soft power in EU countries have been examined, as well as their objectives and particularities of the implementation of cultural rights protection, leading to conclusions about the quality of integration and joint work on the implementation of cultural rights protection in other areas of EU policy. The paper illuminates EU programmes and projects on the implementation of cultural rights, among which the right of access to cultural heritage has received particular attention, as well as the ECHR cases of cultural rights violations, which led to the conclusion about the cross-border cooperation expansion and the policy revision in relation to the identified problems. In conclusion, it was concluded that the EU countries are interested in further work on the cultural rights implementation as well as in addressing the issue of cultural heritage protection and the illicit export and possession of cultural property, despite the changing international environment.
Key words: cultural rights, European Union, cultural heritage, ECHR