Направления и факторы оптимизации логистической инфраструктуры при импорте товаров из Китая в РФ / Directions and factors of logistics infrastructure optimization for import from China to Russia
Аннотация
This paper explores the optimization of logistical infrastructure when importing goods from China to the Russian Federation. The significance of logistics in foreign trade activities, particularly in the context of global challenges and issues, is emphasized. The paper delves into the changes in the role of logistics in response to these challenges and examines methodological aspects and regulatory frameworks governing the analysis of logistical infrastructure in international trade. By analyzing the volumes of Russian-Chinese trade and logistical routes between the two countries, the paper draws conclusions on the potential for reorienting imports. The work also drew up a business plan for the transport company, within which the main risks were considered and recommendations for improving the transport infrastructure were developed. The development of customs-logistical infrastructure is highlighted as a key factor in ensuring efficient import processes. The analysis of trade turnover between China and Russia is presented on the basis of data from the Chinese customs and the Central Bank of Russia, as well as the commodity structure of imports and exports between them, and data on the trade balance for the period from 2011 to 2022 are visualized.
Further, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of each transportation was carried out according to the following indicators: delivery time, average cost of delivery, customs procedures, volume of cargo transportation and impact on trade turnover.
The main cargo transportation routes, namely the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline, as well as the main ports of the Far East, are shown. Based on the experts' data and their analysis, three main routes were obtained.
The next step was the development of a business plan for a transport company specializing in sales, focused primarily on transportation routes between major cities of China and Russia, including Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Kazan.All expenses were calculated based on market analytics on average salaries of employees and the cost of trucks was calculated.Taxes and profits for the period 2024-2026 are also calculated.IRR and NPV indicators are reflected.Taking into account the 5 main risks, the company's balance sheet and the impact of each of them are reflected.
Conclusions are drawn about their main indicators and risks and ways of solving problems are proposed.
The role of logistics in Sustainable development is demonstrated. Recommendations for the development of transport infrastructure are proposed.
Further, a comparative analysis of the effectiveness of each transportation was carried out according to the following indicators: delivery time, average cost of delivery, customs procedures, volume of cargo transportation and impact on trade turnover.
The main cargo transportation routes, namely the Trans-Siberian Railway and the Baikal-Amur Mainline, as well as the main ports of the Far East, are shown. Based on the experts' data and their analysis, three main routes were obtained.
The next step was the development of a business plan for a transport company specializing in sales, focused primarily on transportation routes between major cities of China and Russia, including Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg and Kazan.All expenses were calculated based on market analytics on average salaries of employees and the cost of trucks was calculated.Taxes and profits for the period 2024-2026 are also calculated.IRR and NPV indicators are reflected.Taking into account the 5 main risks, the company's balance sheet and the impact of each of them are reflected.
Conclusions are drawn about their main indicators and risks and ways of solving problems are proposed.
The role of logistics in Sustainable development is demonstrated. Recommendations for the development of transport infrastructure are proposed.