Функциональное разнообразие и антиоксидантный потенциал амаранта в нормальных и стрессовых ситуациях / FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF AMARANTH CULTIVARS UNDER NORMAL AND STRESSED CONDITIONS
Аннотация
A master thesis entitled the functional diversity and antioxidant potential of amaranth cultivars under normal and stressed conditions, was conducted and performed in the Botanical garden and biological laboratory of Ural Federal University. Amaranth, originated from Latin America and now cultivating almost all over the World for multiples purposes such as vegetable and or seed food , feed for animals , medicine and industry uses. Nine different amaranth cultivars were assessed. The objectives of the study were to characterize the functional traits of them during different periods, to evaluate the relationship between the leaf parameters and stem parameters, to investigate the desiccation effect on physiological indicators between cultivars, to measure the level of lipid peroxidation of cultivars in base and stress environment and to determine the total amino acid , total phenolic and anthocyanin contents of stems and leaves amaranth cultivars. In the Botanical garden from 2017 to 2020, the phenological phases and morphological traits in 2017 were determined. Indoor experiment the leaf surface area, stem length and leaf and stem biomasses and their relationship were analyzed. The imbibed detached leaves in distilled water for two hours and then desiccated in series for 1 hour before drying them were analyzed to assess the physiological indicators including leaf weight changes , leaf weight losses and transpiration rates. Then, MDA concentration in base and stress leaves discs , total phenolic , total amino acid and total anthocyanin contents were determined spectrophotometrically.
The results showed the range of life cycle, stems length and panicles length for the cultivars from 92 to 111 days ; 110 to 160 cm and from 23 to 69 cm respectively .The low significant between leaf parameters and stem parameters. The high transpiration ( 250.6-2997.3 mgg-1h-1 ) and high water loss rate ranged from 88.3 to 92.2% in 8 hours of treatment. The low lipid peroxidation ranged from 0.007±0.001 to 0.035±0.008 mM/g. Lastly , the total phenolic, anthocyanin and amino acid contents were in a normal range from 65.7677 ± 6.63 to 542.323 ± 5.57 μg / ml of extract; from 0.054632 to 1.15832% and from 13.4378 ± 0.86 to 349.73 ± 117.02 87 μg / ml of extract respectively. We conclude that the amaranth cultivars had the difference in leaf and stem functional traits. Their detached leaves had higher water losses and transpiration rates due to the absence of any sources of water absorption. The MDA concentration results define the antioxidants defense systems and good adaptive stress response. However they were inequitable source of phenols and protein within them and they were higher in leaves than in stems. More research for functional diversity as well as individual compound purification and their mechanisms of action is needed.
The results showed the range of life cycle, stems length and panicles length for the cultivars from 92 to 111 days ; 110 to 160 cm and from 23 to 69 cm respectively .The low significant between leaf parameters and stem parameters. The high transpiration ( 250.6-2997.3 mgg-1h-1 ) and high water loss rate ranged from 88.3 to 92.2% in 8 hours of treatment. The low lipid peroxidation ranged from 0.007±0.001 to 0.035±0.008 mM/g. Lastly , the total phenolic, anthocyanin and amino acid contents were in a normal range from 65.7677 ± 6.63 to 542.323 ± 5.57 μg / ml of extract; from 0.054632 to 1.15832% and from 13.4378 ± 0.86 to 349.73 ± 117.02 87 μg / ml of extract respectively. We conclude that the amaranth cultivars had the difference in leaf and stem functional traits. Their detached leaves had higher water losses and transpiration rates due to the absence of any sources of water absorption. The MDA concentration results define the antioxidants defense systems and good adaptive stress response. However they were inequitable source of phenols and protein within them and they were higher in leaves than in stems. More research for functional diversity as well as individual compound purification and their mechanisms of action is needed.