Левое движение в объединенной Германии (1990-2021)
Аннотация
В работе рассмотрена деятельность левых партий, находящихся в Бундестаге, и левых организаций ФРГ с момента объединения Германии в 1990 г. В качестве источников привлекаются программные документы, статьи, принятые партиями и организациями, а также официальная государственная статистика. Они позволяют отразить изменения в официальной риторике, представленной левым движением. Материалы для анализа взяты с официальных сайтов партий и организаций. Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью расширить имеющуюся информацию о немецком левом движении и проанализировать его тенденции. Благодаря этому будет возможно по-новому оценить влияние левых на современную политику, экономику и общество, а также найти различия в их мировоззрении. Помимо этого, важно рассмотреть ошибки, допускаемые левыми, чтобы понять, из-за чего в нынешней политической ситуации они теряют популярность и как могут вернуть себе избирателей. Автор приходит к выводу о том, что несмотря на набирающее популярность правое движение в Европе, левые по-прежнему активно пытаются сохранять позиции на политической арене и не терять приверженцев идей: это происходит через изменения в программных документах, демонстрирующих взгляды партий и организаций, через публичные заявления и акции. Укрепляют авторитет и способствуют улучшению репутации левых партий деятельность политических фондов, которые работают не только в ФРГ, но и оказывают помощь другим странам, особенно развивающимся.
Ключевые слова: СДПГ, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, die Linke, политические фонды, феминизм, левый экстремизм
The article examines the activities of left-wing parties in the Bundestag and left-wing organizations of Germany since the unification of Germany in 1990. Program documents, articles published by parties and organizations, as well as official state statistics are used as sources. They allow us to reflect changes in the official rhetoric presented by the left-wing movement. The materials for the analysis are taken from the official websites of the organizations. The relevance of the study is due to the need to expand the available information about the German left movement and analyze its trends as a whole, paying attention not to individual parts, but to the overall picture. Thanks to this, it will be possible to take a fresh look at the influence of the left on modern politics, economics and society, as well as to find differences in their worldview. In addition, it is important to consider the mistakes made by the left in order to understand why they are losing popularity in the current political situation and how they can win back voters. The author concludes that despite the growing popularity of the right-wing movement in Europe, the left is still actively trying to maintain its position in the political arena and not lose adherents of ideas: This happens through changes in policy documents that demonstrate the views of parties and organizations, through public statements and actions. In the case of political funds, assistance is provided to other States, especially developing countries, which strengthens their authority and contributes to improving their reputation in society.
Key words: SPD, die Grüne, die Linke, political foundations, feminism, leftist extremism
Ключевые слова: СДПГ, Bündnis 90/Die Grünen, die Linke, политические фонды, феминизм, левый экстремизм
The article examines the activities of left-wing parties in the Bundestag and left-wing organizations of Germany since the unification of Germany in 1990. Program documents, articles published by parties and organizations, as well as official state statistics are used as sources. They allow us to reflect changes in the official rhetoric presented by the left-wing movement. The materials for the analysis are taken from the official websites of the organizations. The relevance of the study is due to the need to expand the available information about the German left movement and analyze its trends as a whole, paying attention not to individual parts, but to the overall picture. Thanks to this, it will be possible to take a fresh look at the influence of the left on modern politics, economics and society, as well as to find differences in their worldview. In addition, it is important to consider the mistakes made by the left in order to understand why they are losing popularity in the current political situation and how they can win back voters. The author concludes that despite the growing popularity of the right-wing movement in Europe, the left is still actively trying to maintain its position in the political arena and not lose adherents of ideas: This happens through changes in policy documents that demonstrate the views of parties and organizations, through public statements and actions. In the case of political funds, assistance is provided to other States, especially developing countries, which strengthens their authority and contributes to improving their reputation in society.
Key words: SPD, die Grüne, die Linke, political foundations, feminism, leftist extremism