Франко-германские политические отношения (1871- 1918)
Аннотация
Аннотация. Работа посвящена отношениям Франции и Германии в 1871-1918 гг., после подписания Франкфуртского мира, закончившего франко-прусскую войну, и до окончания Первой мировой войны. Изучены факторы, влиявшие на отношения государств, такие как Франкфуртский мир, считавшийся во Франции унизительным, и вытекающая из мирного договора проблема Эльзас-Лотарингии. Рассматриваются изменения в отношениях, связанные с активизацией борьбы за колонии в Африке. Уделяется внимание влиянию на франко-германские отношения формирования Тройственного союза и Антанты и отношений с союзниками. Анализируются предпосылки к новой войне между Францией и Германией, которые просматриваются еще в 1871 г. Выполнен обзор французской и немецкой прессы, отражавшей мнение представителей различных политических направлений и влиявшей на формирование общественного мнения. Проведено исследование международных договоров, таких как Франкфуртский мир 1871 г., договор о создании Тройственного союза 1882 г., а также документы по созданию франко-русского союза. Автор приходит к выводу о том, в 1871-1918 гг. напряжение во франко-германских отношениях росло в результате противоречий в Европе и в колониях. Однако, стороны неоднократно делали шаги к сближению, и колониальные конфликты были решены дипломатическими методами. Актуальность исследования обусловлена тем, что в 1871-1918 гг. происходит развитие антагонизма между державами, что привело к началу Пер-вой мировой войны, и изучение франко-германских политических отношений в указанный период дает ключевые знания для понимания исторических процессов.
Ключевые слова: Отто фон Бисмарк, Лео фон Каприви, Хлодвиг Гогенлоэ, Бернгард фон Бюлов, Теобальд фон Бетман-Гольвег, Франкфуртский мир, Эльзас-Лотарингия, Марокканский кризис, Первая мировая война.
Annotation. The work is devoted to the relations between France and Germany in 1871-1918, after the signing of the Frankfurt Peace, which ended the Franco-Prussian War, and until the end of the First World War. The factors that influenced the relations of states were studied, such as the Frankfurt Peace, which was considered humiliating in France, and the problem of Alsace-Lorraine arising from the peace treaty. Changes in relations associated with the intensification of the struggle for colonies in Africa are considered. Attention is paid to the influence on Franco-German relations of the formation of the Triple Alliance and the Entente and relations with the allies. The prerequisites for a new war between France and Germany, which can be seen back in 1871, are analyzed. A review of the French and German press was carried out, reflecting the opinions of various political trends and influencing the formation of public opinion. A study was conducted of international treaties, such as the Frankfurt Peace of 1871, the treaty establishing the Triple Alliance of 1882, as well as documents on the creation of the Franco-Russian alliance. The author comes to the conclusion that in 1871-1918 tensions in Franco-German relations grew as a result of contradictions in Europe and in the colonies. However, the parties repeatedly took steps towards rapprochement, and colonial conflicts were resolved through diplomatic methods. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in 1871-1918 there is a development of antagonism between the powers, which led to the outbreak of the First World War, and the study of Franco-German political relations during this period provides key knowledge for understanding historical processes.
Key words: Otto von Bismarck, Leo von Caprivi, Clovis Hohenlohe, Bernhard von Bülow, Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Peace of Frankfurt, Alsace-Lorraine, Moroccan crisis, World War I.
Ключевые слова: Отто фон Бисмарк, Лео фон Каприви, Хлодвиг Гогенлоэ, Бернгард фон Бюлов, Теобальд фон Бетман-Гольвег, Франкфуртский мир, Эльзас-Лотарингия, Марокканский кризис, Первая мировая война.
Annotation. The work is devoted to the relations between France and Germany in 1871-1918, after the signing of the Frankfurt Peace, which ended the Franco-Prussian War, and until the end of the First World War. The factors that influenced the relations of states were studied, such as the Frankfurt Peace, which was considered humiliating in France, and the problem of Alsace-Lorraine arising from the peace treaty. Changes in relations associated with the intensification of the struggle for colonies in Africa are considered. Attention is paid to the influence on Franco-German relations of the formation of the Triple Alliance and the Entente and relations with the allies. The prerequisites for a new war between France and Germany, which can be seen back in 1871, are analyzed. A review of the French and German press was carried out, reflecting the opinions of various political trends and influencing the formation of public opinion. A study was conducted of international treaties, such as the Frankfurt Peace of 1871, the treaty establishing the Triple Alliance of 1882, as well as documents on the creation of the Franco-Russian alliance. The author comes to the conclusion that in 1871-1918 tensions in Franco-German relations grew as a result of contradictions in Europe and in the colonies. However, the parties repeatedly took steps towards rapprochement, and colonial conflicts were resolved through diplomatic methods. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that in 1871-1918 there is a development of antagonism between the powers, which led to the outbreak of the First World War, and the study of Franco-German political relations during this period provides key knowledge for understanding historical processes.
Key words: Otto von Bismarck, Leo von Caprivi, Clovis Hohenlohe, Bernhard von Bülow, Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg, Peace of Frankfurt, Alsace-Lorraine, Moroccan crisis, World War I.