Социально- экономические факторы, влияющие на международную миграцию в субъекты России / Socio-economic factors affecting international migration to the subjects of Russia
Аннотация
In the modern world, population migration is one of the key socio-economic processes affecting the development of States and their regions. The Russian Federation has faced numerous problems related to migration, which entail changes in the demographic, economic and cultural structure of society. The study of socio-economic factors affecting migration makes it possible to identify the main causes and mechanisms of changes in the structure of the population, as well as to develop effective strategies and policies for managing migration processes at various levels.
At the moment, the topic of migration to the regions of Russia has not been studied in the same way as migration to Russia as a whole.
The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that in the conditions of globalization and the reduction of the world space, migration processes are becoming more massive and complex. The importance of studying the socio-economic factors of migration in Russia is due to the need to predict and regulate migration flows, create favorable conditions for the development of regions, preserve and develop labor resources and improve the quality of life of the population.
Studying the topic of international migration is important for the subjects of the Russian Federation for several reasons:
The economic aspect. Migration can have a significant impact on the economy of regions. Migrants can create new jobs, increase the overall level of employment, increase labor productivity and contribute to economic growth. However, they can also create an additional burden on social infrastructure and services, including the health and education system, which may require additional costs.
Demographic aspect. Migration can have an impact on the demographic situation in the regions. In some regions of Russia, for example, there is a decrease in the population and a decrease in the able-bodied population. Migration can help mitigate this problem, introduce new dynamics into society and make regions more attractive for living and working.
Socio-cultural aspect. Migration can contribute to cultural diversity and the exchange of experiences between people of different cultures. However, it can also cause cultural and social problems, such as conflicts and misunderstandings between cultures.
The legal aspect. Migration is subject to certain legal norms and regulations. The subjects of the Russian Federation should know what laws and regulations regulate the migration process in order to ensure respect for the rights and freedoms of migrants, as well as to ensure security and control over illegal migration.
Russia is a huge country with diverse regions, each of which has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. However, in general, there are several regions that are most attractive for migrants - Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Krasnodar Krai and others.
The purpose of the study is to study and analyze the main socio-economic factors that encourage the population of other countries to move to the regions of the Russian Federation. This study will study international arrivals, people who come to the regions of Russia from other countries.
The object of this study is international migration, and in particular the international population arriving in the regions of the Russian Federation. The subject of this study is the identified socio-economic factors affecting the migration of the population to the regions of Russia. The Federal State Statistics Service (ROSSTAT) will serve as data sources for studying migration issues to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The research paper examines the features of international migration in 83 subjects of the Russian Federation in the period from 2012 to 2021, taking into account modern socio-economic factors, during the research methods of statistical analysis, econometric analysis and other tools will be used to conduct a comprehensive study of the issues under study.
The study showed that international migration to the subjects of the Russian Federation, in general, is not labor migration. Employers will give preference to local citizens when hiring, which may reduce the need to hire migrants. If there is a high unemployment rate among the working-age population, then migrants may consider the country less attractive for labor migration.
However, people go to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation because of the high level of income per capita. A high level of income can attract foreign citizens who are looking for better living and working conditions in other countries and can also indicate a developed economy and stability in the subject, which can also attract migrants.
When analyzing the data, the key factor positively influencing migration flows was the indicator of monetary income per capita.
It was found that the indicator of the working-age population in the region has a negative impact on migration flows.
Hypothesis 1 that socio-economic factors have a positive impact on the number of international migrants arriving in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Thanks to the results obtained, it can be concluded that economic factors have a positive impact (monetary income per capita), and social factors (the number of able-bodied population) have a negative impact.
Hypothesis 2 that migration to Russia is of an economic nature has been achieved. In this study, monetary income per capita has a significant impact on international migrants.
To obtain these results, an econometric analysis was carried out using the identified best random effect model.
The Government of the Russian Federation should develop or improve the already existing program of targeted assistance to arriving international migrants to adapt to the realities of the society of the subjects of Russia, as well as develop a long-term set of measures aimed at regulating foreign flows to the subjects of the country, which will contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals.
The Government can take the following measures to increase the attractiveness of the regions of the Russian Federation for migrants:
- сreation of favorable economic conditions: the state can provide benefits and subsidies for businesses investing in the regions, as well as create jobs with high wages;
- infrastructure development: the state can invest in the development of transport, energy and communal infrastructure of the regions, which will improve the quality of life and attract more migrants;
- ensuring housing affordability: the State can create programs for the construction of affordable housing for migrants;
- education and science: the state can invest in the development of education and science in the regions, which will attract migrants interested in obtaining higher education and developing a scientific career;
- information support: the State can create information centers to support migrants, provide them with information about housing, work, education, healthcare, etc;
Simplification of procedures for obtaining work and residence permits. The state can simplify the procedures for obtaining work and residence permits for migrants, which will make the regions more attractive for labor migration.
Cultural integration. The State can carry out measures for the cultural integration of migrants, helping them to adapt to a new environment and be in good relations with the local population.
At the moment, the topic of migration to the regions of Russia has not been studied in the same way as migration to Russia as a whole.
The relevance of the topic is determined by the fact that in the conditions of globalization and the reduction of the world space, migration processes are becoming more massive and complex. The importance of studying the socio-economic factors of migration in Russia is due to the need to predict and regulate migration flows, create favorable conditions for the development of regions, preserve and develop labor resources and improve the quality of life of the population.
Studying the topic of international migration is important for the subjects of the Russian Federation for several reasons:
The economic aspect. Migration can have a significant impact on the economy of regions. Migrants can create new jobs, increase the overall level of employment, increase labor productivity and contribute to economic growth. However, they can also create an additional burden on social infrastructure and services, including the health and education system, which may require additional costs.
Demographic aspect. Migration can have an impact on the demographic situation in the regions. In some regions of Russia, for example, there is a decrease in the population and a decrease in the able-bodied population. Migration can help mitigate this problem, introduce new dynamics into society and make regions more attractive for living and working.
Socio-cultural aspect. Migration can contribute to cultural diversity and the exchange of experiences between people of different cultures. However, it can also cause cultural and social problems, such as conflicts and misunderstandings between cultures.
The legal aspect. Migration is subject to certain legal norms and regulations. The subjects of the Russian Federation should know what laws and regulations regulate the migration process in order to ensure respect for the rights and freedoms of migrants, as well as to ensure security and control over illegal migration.
Russia is a huge country with diverse regions, each of which has its own unique advantages and disadvantages. However, in general, there are several regions that are most attractive for migrants - Moscow, St. Petersburg, Kazan, Krasnodar Krai and others.
The purpose of the study is to study and analyze the main socio-economic factors that encourage the population of other countries to move to the regions of the Russian Federation. This study will study international arrivals, people who come to the regions of Russia from other countries.
The object of this study is international migration, and in particular the international population arriving in the regions of the Russian Federation. The subject of this study is the identified socio-economic factors affecting the migration of the population to the regions of Russia. The Federal State Statistics Service (ROSSTAT) will serve as data sources for studying migration issues to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation.
The research paper examines the features of international migration in 83 subjects of the Russian Federation in the period from 2012 to 2021, taking into account modern socio-economic factors, during the research methods of statistical analysis, econometric analysis and other tools will be used to conduct a comprehensive study of the issues under study.
The study showed that international migration to the subjects of the Russian Federation, in general, is not labor migration. Employers will give preference to local citizens when hiring, which may reduce the need to hire migrants. If there is a high unemployment rate among the working-age population, then migrants may consider the country less attractive for labor migration.
However, people go to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation because of the high level of income per capita. A high level of income can attract foreign citizens who are looking for better living and working conditions in other countries and can also indicate a developed economy and stability in the subject, which can also attract migrants.
When analyzing the data, the key factor positively influencing migration flows was the indicator of monetary income per capita.
It was found that the indicator of the working-age population in the region has a negative impact on migration flows.
Hypothesis 1 that socio-economic factors have a positive impact on the number of international migrants arriving in the subjects of the Russian Federation. Thanks to the results obtained, it can be concluded that economic factors have a positive impact (monetary income per capita), and social factors (the number of able-bodied population) have a negative impact.
Hypothesis 2 that migration to Russia is of an economic nature has been achieved. In this study, monetary income per capita has a significant impact on international migrants.
To obtain these results, an econometric analysis was carried out using the identified best random effect model.
The Government of the Russian Federation should develop or improve the already existing program of targeted assistance to arriving international migrants to adapt to the realities of the society of the subjects of Russia, as well as develop a long-term set of measures aimed at regulating foreign flows to the subjects of the country, which will contribute to the achievement of sustainable development goals.
The Government can take the following measures to increase the attractiveness of the regions of the Russian Federation for migrants:
- сreation of favorable economic conditions: the state can provide benefits and subsidies for businesses investing in the regions, as well as create jobs with high wages;
- infrastructure development: the state can invest in the development of transport, energy and communal infrastructure of the regions, which will improve the quality of life and attract more migrants;
- ensuring housing affordability: the State can create programs for the construction of affordable housing for migrants;
- education and science: the state can invest in the development of education and science in the regions, which will attract migrants interested in obtaining higher education and developing a scientific career;
- information support: the State can create information centers to support migrants, provide them with information about housing, work, education, healthcare, etc;
Simplification of procedures for obtaining work and residence permits. The state can simplify the procedures for obtaining work and residence permits for migrants, which will make the regions more attractive for labor migration.
Cultural integration. The State can carry out measures for the cultural integration of migrants, helping them to adapt to a new environment and be in good relations with the local population.