Взаимовлияние миграции и глобальных цепочек создания стоимости / Mutual influence of migration and global value chains
Аннотация
The key issue of development cooperation is how the potential benefits of migration can be used for sustainable economic development and, at the same time, how its negative consequences can be minimized. Promoting the migration—related value chain is an approach that can be used to achieve these goals. It is most often used for economic development in countries and/or regions that are heavily affected by migration.
The promotion of the migration-related value chain adapts to the specific context of migration, as a result of which the criteria for choosing the value chain, analysis and promotion tools correspond to certain circumstances.
Many researchers have attempted to prove the existence of the mutual influence of migration and global value chains (hereinafter referred to as GVC). However, so far this issue has not been fully studied. In this regard, this work will be aimed at eliminating this gap and expanding the existing evidence base, which confirms its novelty. The relevance of the work is confirmed by the statement that both migration and GVC are important in the conditions of modern development of countries, but their relationship is poorly understood.
The object of this thesis is migration flows between countries and GVC, and the subject of their mutual influence.
The purpose of this work is to assess the mutual impact of migration and GVC in the context of analyzing specific situations in three research regions: Africa, Asia and Europe.
To achieve this purpose, you need to complete a number of goals:
- consider theoretical issues related to migration and GVC;
- indicate to what extent the topic of mutual influence of migration and GVC is considered in the existing literature;
- collection and analysis of data for thematic analysis to assess the relationship between migration and GVC in the three study regions, as well as the migration situation in each region and the relevance of migration flows and GVC problems;
- to analyze specific cases for each region;
- understand what role migration can play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
UNCTAD, the World Bank and UN DESA will primarily serve as a database for the study. The period from 2000 to 2020 will serve as a time interval for statistical analysis. The choice of this period is due to the updating of data that were previously reviewed by researchers, as well as the unavailability of information after 2020. For the GVC participation index, the period from 2000 to 2018 will be analyzed due to the gap between reliability and publication of data. The study regions will be: African, Asian and European regions. The choice of regions is due to the fact that the largest number of studies from the literature reviewed earlier are devoted to them.
Due to the criterion of the research region, three situations are obtained, the analysis of which ends with the solution of three cases. In a generalized sense, each case will consist in disclosing information in connection with which these countries are interesting for research in terms of the mutual impact of migration and GVC, as well as updating statistics on the scale of migration and the level of participation of countries in the GVC. To conduct its own analysis on the assessment and updating of data on the participation of regions in the GVC, its own index of participation in the GVC will be used, which will be compiled on the basis of the studied literature.
The study will present the main consequences of migration for the economic development of countries. There will be an analysis of the existing literature on the chosen topic and an overview of various approaches to measuring the mutual impact of migration and GVC. In addition, the theoretical aspects of migration and GVC will be considered, including the study of concepts, classifications, features, benefits of migration and participation in GVC. Attention should be paid to the practical part, in which a comparative analysis of existing works will be carried out, as well as our own research, on the basis of which conclusions about the mutual influence of migration factors and global value chains for each region of the study are graphically demonstrated, in addition, the impact of participation in GVC on the economic indicators of the countries from the samples will be taken into account. Also, in the practical part, migration flows will be considered both from the studied regions and by regions, and an analysis of emigrants and immigrants from the total population for each region will be carried out within the regions. For the leaders in participation in the GVC for each region, the correlations of data on net migration and participation in the GVC will be considered. The role of migration in sustainable development will be demonstrated in the final sub-chapter.
In conclusion, the results will be presented, according to which an extensive analysis of the relationship between migration and GVC has been carried out. The results of which revealed an inverse relationship, according to which the higher the GVC participation index, the smaller the number of international migrants in the studied country as a percentage of the total population. This is confirmed by the analysis of specific cases conducted in all three regions of the study. The economic indicator (GDP per capita) has a direct positive relationship with the GVC participation index only for the African region, this relationship is not visible in the Asian and European regions. The percentage of immigrant migrants depends on participation in GVC also only in the African region. In addition, the migration policy of the regions under consideration affects the influx of migrants. In addition, the analysis of the correlation of net migration and participation in the GVC will show that the revealed pattern is relevant only when scaled by country, and despite this, migration and GVC may have a positive relationship with a more detailed examination. Thus, this analysis, carried out by calculating the participation index in the GVC, expands the existing evidence base on the mutual influence of migration and GVC. The results obtained indicate the interchangeability of indicators. It is established that the integration of enterprises into the GVC often contribute to the influx of labor resources to the receiving territory due to increased demand for them and increased competition for labor resources. This can be facilitated, firstly, by an increase in the intensity of production. Secondly, the change in the economic structure of the settlement organization is industrialization or deindustrialization (development of the tertiary sector). In addition, the reverse process can also be observed, when people with migrant experience, returning to their homeland, try to create an enterprise embedded in the GVC. We can agree with the statement that modern research shows the increasing role of the participants of the GVC in the management and formation of migration processes, as well as the impact of migration on the creation of the necessary employment regimes in the branches of TNCs in the host territory.
The author's contribution to the work consists in calculating the author's index of participation in GVC, based on a literature review, as well as in an innovative approach to considering and calculating the impact of migration policy, the number of international migrants from the total population, considering migrations in the context of immigrants and emigrants on the participation of samples from 24 countries in three regions of the study on participation in GVC.
The promotion of the migration-related value chain adapts to the specific context of migration, as a result of which the criteria for choosing the value chain, analysis and promotion tools correspond to certain circumstances.
Many researchers have attempted to prove the existence of the mutual influence of migration and global value chains (hereinafter referred to as GVC). However, so far this issue has not been fully studied. In this regard, this work will be aimed at eliminating this gap and expanding the existing evidence base, which confirms its novelty. The relevance of the work is confirmed by the statement that both migration and GVC are important in the conditions of modern development of countries, but their relationship is poorly understood.
The object of this thesis is migration flows between countries and GVC, and the subject of their mutual influence.
The purpose of this work is to assess the mutual impact of migration and GVC in the context of analyzing specific situations in three research regions: Africa, Asia and Europe.
To achieve this purpose, you need to complete a number of goals:
- consider theoretical issues related to migration and GVC;
- indicate to what extent the topic of mutual influence of migration and GVC is considered in the existing literature;
- collection and analysis of data for thematic analysis to assess the relationship between migration and GVC in the three study regions, as well as the migration situation in each region and the relevance of migration flows and GVC problems;
- to analyze specific cases for each region;
- understand what role migration can play in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
UNCTAD, the World Bank and UN DESA will primarily serve as a database for the study. The period from 2000 to 2020 will serve as a time interval for statistical analysis. The choice of this period is due to the updating of data that were previously reviewed by researchers, as well as the unavailability of information after 2020. For the GVC participation index, the period from 2000 to 2018 will be analyzed due to the gap between reliability and publication of data. The study regions will be: African, Asian and European regions. The choice of regions is due to the fact that the largest number of studies from the literature reviewed earlier are devoted to them.
Due to the criterion of the research region, three situations are obtained, the analysis of which ends with the solution of three cases. In a generalized sense, each case will consist in disclosing information in connection with which these countries are interesting for research in terms of the mutual impact of migration and GVC, as well as updating statistics on the scale of migration and the level of participation of countries in the GVC. To conduct its own analysis on the assessment and updating of data on the participation of regions in the GVC, its own index of participation in the GVC will be used, which will be compiled on the basis of the studied literature.
The study will present the main consequences of migration for the economic development of countries. There will be an analysis of the existing literature on the chosen topic and an overview of various approaches to measuring the mutual impact of migration and GVC. In addition, the theoretical aspects of migration and GVC will be considered, including the study of concepts, classifications, features, benefits of migration and participation in GVC. Attention should be paid to the practical part, in which a comparative analysis of existing works will be carried out, as well as our own research, on the basis of which conclusions about the mutual influence of migration factors and global value chains for each region of the study are graphically demonstrated, in addition, the impact of participation in GVC on the economic indicators of the countries from the samples will be taken into account. Also, in the practical part, migration flows will be considered both from the studied regions and by regions, and an analysis of emigrants and immigrants from the total population for each region will be carried out within the regions. For the leaders in participation in the GVC for each region, the correlations of data on net migration and participation in the GVC will be considered. The role of migration in sustainable development will be demonstrated in the final sub-chapter.
In conclusion, the results will be presented, according to which an extensive analysis of the relationship between migration and GVC has been carried out. The results of which revealed an inverse relationship, according to which the higher the GVC participation index, the smaller the number of international migrants in the studied country as a percentage of the total population. This is confirmed by the analysis of specific cases conducted in all three regions of the study. The economic indicator (GDP per capita) has a direct positive relationship with the GVC participation index only for the African region, this relationship is not visible in the Asian and European regions. The percentage of immigrant migrants depends on participation in GVC also only in the African region. In addition, the migration policy of the regions under consideration affects the influx of migrants. In addition, the analysis of the correlation of net migration and participation in the GVC will show that the revealed pattern is relevant only when scaled by country, and despite this, migration and GVC may have a positive relationship with a more detailed examination. Thus, this analysis, carried out by calculating the participation index in the GVC, expands the existing evidence base on the mutual influence of migration and GVC. The results obtained indicate the interchangeability of indicators. It is established that the integration of enterprises into the GVC often contribute to the influx of labor resources to the receiving territory due to increased demand for them and increased competition for labor resources. This can be facilitated, firstly, by an increase in the intensity of production. Secondly, the change in the economic structure of the settlement organization is industrialization or deindustrialization (development of the tertiary sector). In addition, the reverse process can also be observed, when people with migrant experience, returning to their homeland, try to create an enterprise embedded in the GVC. We can agree with the statement that modern research shows the increasing role of the participants of the GVC in the management and formation of migration processes, as well as the impact of migration on the creation of the necessary employment regimes in the branches of TNCs in the host territory.
The author's contribution to the work consists in calculating the author's index of participation in GVC, based on a literature review, as well as in an innovative approach to considering and calculating the impact of migration policy, the number of international migrants from the total population, considering migrations in the context of immigrants and emigrants on the participation of samples from 24 countries in three regions of the study on participation in GVC.