Влияние экологической эффективности на торговые потоки стран ОЭСР

Аннотация

It is difficult to argue with the reality of global warming, its effects are becoming more and more obvious not only due to the impact of extreme weather conditions changing the topography of our planet, but also due to the impact on human health. Most countries are undergoing a process of change to ensure the proper use of their resources while striving for excellence in their efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This study aims to explore the impact of environmental policy effectiveness on international trade patterns. The tasks that were solved in the course of the work were to develop and put forward hypotheses on the chosen topic based on previous empirical studies, to assess the impact of environmental efficiency on the trade flows of countries, as well as a number of other factors that may have an impact, to interpret the results and the reasons behind them. The object of the study is the OECD member countries. The subject of the study is the relationship between environmental efficiency and trade flows in these countries. To assess the relationship between environmental efficiency and international trade, econometric analysis of panel data was chosen as the main methodological tool. The basis for empirical analysis is the gravity model. The analysis was based on the statistical databases of UN Comtrade, World Development Indicators, BACI, as well as CCPI annual reports for 2008-2019 on a sample of 34 OECD countries. This work provides a case for countries' efforts to improve ecological efficiency. In this paper, the environmental policy performance indicator is represented by the Climate Change Performance Index, which includes four integrated environmental indicators. As a result of the econometric assessment, the basic hypotheses of the gravity model were confirmed: the size of countries positively affects the volume of trade, and the distance between them affects negatively. The main conclusion that was obtained as a result of the analysis is that environmental policy contributes to the development of trade, increasing the country's environmental efficiency creates price advantages that increase its competitiveness, which leads to an increase in exports.