Культурные и религиозные детерминанты международной торговли
Аннотация
This article examines the impact of cultural and religious determinants on countries' international trade. The author considered the total trade flows in a pair of trading countries as a dependent variable for foreign trade. The control variables are GDP per capita for the exporting and importing countries, inflation for the exporting and importing countries, distance between trading countries, the dummy variable that determines whether trading countries currently have regional trade agreements based on WTO data, the population of the exporting and importing countries. Culturally independent variables such as cultural distance, common language. Independently - religious variables such as the index of religious similarity; and the religious similarities of the trading countries separately for such religions as Christianity, Islam, Buddhism. Cultural and religious variables were considered separately to see their real impact on international trade and to rule out multicollinearity.
The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the author examines the dependence of international trade between almost all countries of the world on the main cultural and religious factors, using a database collected at the beginning of 2021 in reliable sources. At the same time, there is the difficulty of creating real databases and searching for primary sources among scientists. This is why having fresh, reliable data is essential for new potential results. Currently, there are few actual works on this topic.
Various scholarly articles on the relationship between international trade and various religious and cultural factors, both individually and collectively, are analyzed. It is necessary to replenish the scientific literature on this topic with new data and fresh conclusions.
The purpose of this work is to establish the relationship between the international trade of individual pairs of countries and certain cultural and religious factors.
The object of the research is countries involved in international trade.
The subject of this research is factors affecting cross-country flows of international trade.
Research tasks:
– analysis of literature on the topic;
– study of the theoretical aspect of the topic under study;
– analysis of results and calculation methods in existing studies;
– search and compilation of a voluminous high-quality database;
– econometric research and testing of the identified hypotheses.
The following hypotheses were formed:
– the similarity of the languages spoken by the majority of the population of trading countries has a positive effect on international trade;
– increasing cultural distance reduces international trade;
– religious similarity is strongly associated with international trade, but some religious cultures have a more favorable influence on the formation of international trade relations.
Having realized three models OLS of (ln), OLS of (ln), random effect, PPML, the author put forward fully confirmed hypotheses.
The closer countries are linguistically, the better their trade relations.
The increase in the degree of cultural differences between trading countries negatively affects international trade. The more cultural differences in trading countries, the worse trade relations are established between them.
The stronger a pair of trading countries are religiously similar, the better the trade between these countries. Also, religious cultures such as Christianity and Islam are less favorable than Buddhism and folk religions for the formation of international trade relations. As a result of the analysis of the influence of religious similarity for specific religions, an ambiguous conclusion was obtained. For example, Christian countries are more often inclined to trade with each other, but we got the opposite result. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to find reliable data on certain religions, since most often people do not report the religion they profess. That is why these values are shared. In further research, it is worth collecting a more detailed database on the shares of religion in each country in order to obtain reliable results.
The relevance of this work lies in the fact that the author examines the dependence of international trade between almost all countries of the world on the main cultural and religious factors, using a database collected at the beginning of 2021 in reliable sources. At the same time, there is the difficulty of creating real databases and searching for primary sources among scientists. This is why having fresh, reliable data is essential for new potential results. Currently, there are few actual works on this topic.
Various scholarly articles on the relationship between international trade and various religious and cultural factors, both individually and collectively, are analyzed. It is necessary to replenish the scientific literature on this topic with new data and fresh conclusions.
The purpose of this work is to establish the relationship between the international trade of individual pairs of countries and certain cultural and religious factors.
The object of the research is countries involved in international trade.
The subject of this research is factors affecting cross-country flows of international trade.
Research tasks:
– analysis of literature on the topic;
– study of the theoretical aspect of the topic under study;
– analysis of results and calculation methods in existing studies;
– search and compilation of a voluminous high-quality database;
– econometric research and testing of the identified hypotheses.
The following hypotheses were formed:
– the similarity of the languages spoken by the majority of the population of trading countries has a positive effect on international trade;
– increasing cultural distance reduces international trade;
– religious similarity is strongly associated with international trade, but some religious cultures have a more favorable influence on the formation of international trade relations.
Having realized three models OLS of (ln), OLS of (ln), random effect, PPML, the author put forward fully confirmed hypotheses.
The closer countries are linguistically, the better their trade relations.
The increase in the degree of cultural differences between trading countries negatively affects international trade. The more cultural differences in trading countries, the worse trade relations are established between them.
The stronger a pair of trading countries are religiously similar, the better the trade between these countries. Also, religious cultures such as Christianity and Islam are less favorable than Buddhism and folk religions for the formation of international trade relations. As a result of the analysis of the influence of religious similarity for specific religions, an ambiguous conclusion was obtained. For example, Christian countries are more often inclined to trade with each other, but we got the opposite result. This is due to the fact that it is difficult to find reliable data on certain religions, since most often people do not report the religion they profess. That is why these values are shared. In further research, it is worth collecting a more detailed database on the shares of religion in each country in order to obtain reliable results.