Исследование психологических коррелятов отказа от курения на базе кросс-культурной выборки

Аннотация

The aim of this study was to examine the association between personality characteristics and smoking behaviour in two distinct cultural groups, in SriLanka and Russia. To measure personality traits of the participants, the Big Five Inventory was used and scores for neuroticism, conscientiousness, extraversion, openness to experience, and agreeableness were collected. In addition, the scores for state and trait anxiety were collected using the State Trait Anxiety Inventory and stress was measured using the Perceived Stress Scale. The study hypothesized that current smokers would have higher extraversion, neuroticism, anxiety, and stress scores, and lower scores of conscientiousness and agreeableness, than never smokers in both samples. It also hypothesized that personality characteristics would differ between Russian and Sri Lankan current smokers. Data was collected from Sri Lanka and Russia for a total of 344 participants. To investigate the differences an ANCOVA with age as a covariate was run between current and never smokers in both samples and between SriLankan and Russian current smokers. The obtained results are as follows; among both Sri Lankans and Russians, conscientiousness scores were significantly lower in current smokers. Agreeableness scores lower in current smokers in Russia, no difference in Sri Lanka. State anxiety higher in current smokers in Russia while state anxiety higher in never smokers in Sri Lanka. Perceived stress higher in current smokers, no difference in Sri Lanka. The rest of the traits produced non-significant results in both groups. In addition, no differences were found between Sri Lankan and Russian current smokers except for trait anxiety, with Sri Lankans having higher trait anxiety. In conclusion, smoking patterns among cultures can be different. The results also illustrate that Russian and Sri Lankan smoking patterns are different from what the literature suggests for other countries. Therefore, it is paramount that more research be carried out with under studied cultures to better understand the smoking behaviour of that country and by extension help create better intervention strategies.